This context took opportunity of an existing children’s design competition of the Interaction Design with Children 2018 (IDC2018) conference [27]. A promising subcategory of the interactive toys is the interactive playgrounds. For promoting different interactions, modern play tools could then automatically manipulate some of these elements, recommending flexible choices for children to play according to their different inputs and group formations. Like interactive toys, the idea of an interactive playground is not limited to traditional buildings and could be either a small prop, which the user can carry with them, or a digital application that can integrate with the existing playground environment. Instead, interactive toys should facilitate relationship among children through play interactions. Interactive toy can involve products such as interactive floors or walls with sensors that react when children touch them, or it could be individual portable products, such as shoes or balls with LED lights and sensors to motivate active play. Although no differences were observed on cooperation among group conditions, results indicated that participants who played the group game reported higher confidence with their designs and were significantly more likely to submit them to the competition. Interaction design, often abbreviated as IxD, is the practice of designing interactive digital products and services. Based on the prisoner’s dilemma [28], participants had to decide between sharing and keeping their reward with the group. While interaction design has an interest in form (similar to other design fields), its main area of focus rests on behavior. Here comes interaction design, quoting Bill Verplank, interaction design is design for human use. Microinteractions: Designing with Details (Dan Saffer) “It’s the little things that turn a good digital … Job opportunities for people with design skills are increasing like never before (an estimated 13% increase from 2010 to 2020). Contact our London head office or media team here. That said, different study designs and purposes could point to different effects of the mentioned game elements. Rather, group games can be good opportunities for children to explore different roles inside groups. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Interaction Design is abbreviated as IxD is a branch of user experience design. Yes… ish. As examples, current studies are linking extended screen exposure to autistic-like symptoms, hyperactivity, and obesity rates [5, 6, 7]. Considering that, we believe that giving the choice to the players to select between a more relaxed or energetic session could also be positive for their engagement. Playing is an arousing activity that involves internal motivations and sensory stimuli [22]. Disciplines such as social game studies consider the activity of play as an important way for children to understand their surroundings, communicate, and develop affection [1, 2]. A good interaction designer won’t let this happen: she’ll respect your SEO needs and create an attractive, content-ready design that search engines will love. Interaction Design. To assist in this distinction, interaction design can be thought of as: Modern day technology possesses a wide range of smart detectors and sensory feedback devices that can still be better explored in new toy designs. The field of interactive design is populated with graphic designers, user-interaction designers, front end programmers, back end programmers, analysts, web developers and information architects. Game experiences can help children realize their individual limitations and perceive playing together as a more fun activity. Another way of using technology to facilitate interactions would be by automatically altering the sensory stimuli or the difficulty level of a game according to the number of children or to their given feedback. defined the following guidelines which designers can take when designing interactive playgrounds. Emotional-level interactions and imaginary play are also possible with traditional toys, but the toy acts mainly as a physical medium for these play interactions (Figure 1). It can, for instance, identify children’s play pattern through an artificial intelligence and use this information to provide direct motivating feedback such as increasing or decreasing the difficulty of game, or changing the balance of sensory stimuli such as the intensity of lights and sounds. Interactive Design vs. Design for Interaction: Developing Interactive Play Tools that Promote Interactions between Children 1. Specific roles were also assigned for the challenge with one participant receiving the leader role, helping to manage their group members. Game simplicity, flexibility, and high engagement rate indicated to be the main contributive aspects of games to children’s posterior impressions and behavior in the group tasks. We went to design agencies in Toronto and wanted to know how they defined interaction design. As an example, Suzuki et al. The set was composed of circuit blocks that could be connected to activate different responses. Sometimes, the interaction only involves the design itself, but at other sides it includes related elements that help users achieve their goals such as aesthetics, motion, sound, space, and many more. Interaction Design is designing interaction between users and products. Considering that wide range, there is no current fixed limitation in the interactive toys’ category. This relationship can be seen in the scheme represented by Figure 3. More information about the procedures and evaluations can be found in [24, 25]. John Kolko, Author of Thoughts on Interaction Design, gives the following definition to interaction design: “Interaction Design is the creation of a dialogue between a person and a product, system, or service. Participants who displayed higher engagement were more likely to trust the group and share the reward. Acting as indications, these game elements can be observed in Table 1 below: Observations between the three administered game sessions. UX Design is a Booming Industry. This chapter discussed differences and similarities between the “Interactive Design” and the “Design for Interactions” principles when applied to the development of new interactive/smart play tools for children. Maria Montessori defined play as the work of children and something that must be encouraged for a healthy childhood development. Nowadays, electronic games can be considered toys and the boundaries between the virtual and tangible elements are not so strict [4]. With tablets representing a big parcel of the play market, children today have become much more exposed to digital/screen media than previous generations. In simple words, interaction types are the ways users interacts with the system, things we do in order for the system to understand us. *Address all correspondence to: rqk.fernandes@gmail.com, Interactive Multimedia - Multimedia Production and Digital Storytelling. Interactive Design vs. Design for Interaction: Developing Interactive Play Tools that Promote Interactions between Children, Interactive Multimedia - Multimedia Production and Digital Storytelling, Dragan Cvetković, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84328. For example, the fast development of tablet computers has developed into one of the current most profitable play markets. Therefore, if group games are meant to be utilized as ice-breakers, a balance must be established regarding the time and engagement of the session: either the game needs to be short and simple enough to ensure a smooth transition for the cooperative task, or a good rest time must be ensured with the group. In their study, children played two different versions of a group game: (1) a digital version, where children interacted together through connected desktop computers, and (2) a physical version, where the game was projected in the wall and children could use their body to interact with together. The interaction design program at NID would focus on aspects of design and behaviour of various forms of digital products ranging from mobile, web based to dynamic ones in gaming, education, transportation, healthcare, banking, retail and other domains. Why … It is important to mention that the presented studies only observed immediate to short-term effects of games as ice-breakers to influence children’s task impression and group behavior. Working with social game concept, Hendrix et al. Learnability. These new toys are named “Interactive” or “smart” toys [10]. found that haptic inputs increased the immersion children had when reading and listening stories [13]. Interaction design is specifically a discipline which examines the interaction (via an interface) between a system and its user. Only then can we design the user interface for our app that invokes all these thoughts, actions and feelings. However, a different observation in the test runs of the dance game sessions was that participant who could not select which song to play displayed less engagement with the task. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary [9], the word “interactive” can mean: (1) mutually or reciprocally active or (2) involving the actions or input of a user. Considering previous results, the game challenge was simplified for the game session 2. UI Design: UI Design is the design of interfaces for devices, and is focused on the graphics creation … If, for example, we consider a more longitudinal relationship of group games in children’s behavior, some of the elements considered negative for ice-breaking challenges, such as conflicts and frustrations with the difficulty, can be considered as natural important elements which should not be strictly avoided. And UX designer salaries are soaring—upwards of $110K in cities like San Francisco and New York. A fatigue effect might have happened from the game, reducing children’s focus on the design task. Interaction Design: the process necessary to a user can done an action, for example buy in a online store. Interactive designers tend to think of the web as a series of branded moments that occur through a series of frames that a user clicks through. A small description of each game session and the obtained results will be given. For the group challenge, participants had to design an invention to facilitate communicate among children. The interaction design improve the user experience in the buying process, for example with a very simple form with few steps with the posibility of return to last step. For example, children could connect a switch to activate an electronic light, sound, or motor. A point of caution is that a higher physiological arousal through interactive technology can also be associated with increases in user stress level [14]. Interactive play tools as mediating interfaces for different interactions among children through play activity. Our team is growing all the time, so we’re always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. All toys can be considered interactive, but traditional toy interactions are mostly mechanical. Results indicated no difference between participants who played the easy group challenge and participants who did not play the group game. Although the smart blocks of game session 1 indicated negative effects for task impressions, these effects were not noted on the block games of session 2. Interaction design determines what’s on the screen and how people use those elements. The three studies worked with cooperative tasks and self-report scales where children could rate their feelings regarding the task and their group members. Regarding the complexity and time, another observation is that the interactive blocks were of high complexity and required children’s extended attention. Results indicated that participants in both game groups displayed higher trust in their group members and were more willing to share their reward than participants who did not play the game. While one group played games with a competitive focus for a week, the other group played cooperative games instead. For example, Zhao et al. Three group conditions were formed: (1) easy game group, who played an easier version requiring simplified block combinations (e.g., activating a light block); (2) difficult game challenge, who played a version requiring more complex block activations (e.g., assembling a movable robot), and (3) no game group, who did not play the group game before performing the subsequent group task. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective, Want to get in touch? Interaction design. Interaction design is a goal-oriented design and user-centered design. The user provides an interaction that is detected and processed by the toy, which then converts into a feedback through different actuators, perpetuating the interaction. Considering social studies findings, we defined the following elements as possible contributors to children’s social development, which should be aimed by interactive games: Existence of rules and attribution of specific roles, Restriction of individual power and resources, Challenging but achievable difficulty curve, Excitement and novelty levels of game experience, Focus on cooperativity rather than competitivity. Participants had 10 minutes to perform individual sketches and 10 minutes to perform group discussion. By using sensory technology, children can receive different sorts of feedback such as visual lights, sounds, or haptic outputs. While these game elements were directly manipulated by the authors of this research, they also represent possible technology integration points. Furthermore, the indications are about how the group sessions were administered and do not necessarily point out a certain toy or game task as more suitable to promote cooperation. Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is a subset of Interaction Design. [17] developed a game to observe its impact on children’s sociability. Put simply, interaction design is the design that facilitates interactions between users and digital products such as websites and apps. It’s true that computers and Internet browsers evolve quickly, but don’t forget that consumers are slow to change. We share our knowledge and peer-reveiwed research papers with libraries, scientific and engineering societies, and also work with corporate R&D departments and government entities. User scenarios and experience maps are a vital part of any interaction design process. Participants in the difficult game condition also reported the design task to be more difficult, indicated to designed fewer elements in their toy sketches, and were less aware of their group members’ feelings. These open paths not only for new research lines but also for the development of ideal play tools to support childhood. Also, groups who established their roles without playing the game indicated better work dynamics. Instead, some identified social game elements indicated to have stronger effects. © 2019 The Author(s). After performing one of the three game conditions, participants were submitted to a Reward Sharing Game. Although the application of modern technology is not mandatory for the design of interactive toys, this does not mean it should be neglected. Interaction designers are more concerned about the intent of the user and how they can help them accomplish a task. Represented by Figure 5, throughout three studies, three different group games were utilized as “ice-breaking” activities: (1) an interactive building block game where the goal was to build electronic circuits, (2) a buildable tower block game, where the goal was to connect blocks together into a single standing tower, and (3) an interactive dance game, where the goal was to replicate the dance moves displayed in the game screen. In this sense, this chapter definition of an interactive toy is of one who adopts different feedback technologies or devices to act as a mediating interface of real-time interactions between people. An interaction designer's mission is the same on every project: create an experience that users will love. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Children have a universal need to play, and by playing, they can learn a series of skills vital for their social and cognitive development. Game sessions 1 and 3 worked with interactive games, while session 2 worked with a more traditional building block. Children enjoy interacting with current technology and it would benefit their social interaction to utilize a medium which they can more easily engage. Participants who played the full body game version achieved higher scores in the game, displayed better teamwork, and reported better impressions of their group members after the activity. Interaction scheme: the spheres influence each other, and each interaction generates different outcomes. ... One thing that people like about an elearning course is when it contains various interaction points. Through this chapter, existing works will be utilized to exemplify these concepts illustrating differences and connection points in-between. By looking at post effects of group games, Creighton and Szymkowiak [21] observed the classroom behavior of two groups of children after being submitted to different game conditions. The overall recommendation is that, specially at young ages, screen time should be minimized at the same pace that active play time should be encouraged. Developed sketches were collected for evaluation, and self-reports were applied after the task. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Another important interaction design principle is inducing the ability to learn to use the … Interface design determines what those elements look like. Therefore, the main challenge for designing interactive play tools lies in researchers successfully identifying children’s dynamic interaction patterns together with designers and engineers successfully developing new technologies and artifacts to support these interactions. In other words, when interacting with traditional toys, such as a football, the user receives an instant sensory feedback which might motivate them to keep playing. Other than difficulty, three aspects of the game may have influenced children’s behavior: (1) the assigned roles, (2) the game complexity, and (3) time length. Although it is a new concept, Sturm et al. By Rodrigo Fernandes and Toshimasa Yamanaka, Submitted: September 23rd 2018Reviewed: January 11th 2019Published: March 25th 2019, Home > Books > Interactive Multimedia - Multimedia Production and Digital Storytelling. We defined from these results that when administrating game as ice-breakers, the difficulty should not be excessively high. Designs for interaction could be: experiences that can only be felt when together with others. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Interactive toys can also engage children through sensory stimuli such as LED lights, digital sounds, and haptic inputs for touch [8]. When people gather to play together, the device can combine notes and create harmony, making the activity more meaningful and pleasurable. While recommendations for group design tasks with children support the establishment of defined roles for better group work [21], this establishment indicated to be immature in the game sessions. This interaction can be seen in Figure 2 below. Roles were not assigned in this game session and each child had on average 20 connecting pieces to build into a single tower in under 10 minutes. Considering all the game sessions, three main differences were observed between game sessions: Game session 3 worked with physical tasks involving body movement coordination, while sessions 1 and 2 focused on constructive building and coordination skills. This program is offered as a two and half years Master of Design program in interaction design. 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