Less common are hamba "slave", hamba tuan, hamba datuk (all extremely humble), beta (a royal addressing oneselves), patik (a commoner addressing a royal), kami (royal or editorial "we"), kita, təman, and kawan. Because Sanskrit has long been known in the Indonesian archipelago, Sanskrit loanwords, unlike those from other languages, have entered the basic vocabulary of Indonesian to such an extent that, for many, they are no longer perceived to be foreign. 24 of 2009 concerning Languages, it is mandatory to use Bahasa Indonesia to name buildings, roads, apartments or housing, office buildings, trade names, business entities, educational institutions, and organizations which are established or owned by Indonesian nationals or Indonesian legal entities. Adjectives, demonstrative determiners, and possessive determiners follow the noun they modify. Indonesian has borrowed from many other languages, such as Persian and Arabic, but if you look at its vocabulary, you will see that the most foreign loanwords you will find are actually Sanskrit. ", "The Indonesian Language – Bahasa Indonesia", "One Land, One Nation, One Language: An Analysis of Indonesia's National Language Policy", "History of The Indonesian Language Congress I: Inaugurating The United Language (eng)", "Where does Malay come from? [18] The combination of these factors meant that the language was already known to some degree by most of the population, and it could be more easily adopted as the national language than perhaps any other. Four words are used for negation in Indonesian, namely tidak, bukan, jangan, and belum. Word order is frequently modified for focus or emphasis, with the focused word usually placed at the beginning of the clause and followed by a slight pause (a break in intonation): The last two are more likely to be encountered in speech than in writing. Indonesian Girl Names Alphbetically From A to Z With Meaning . The disparate evolution of Indonesian and Malaysian has led to a rift between the two standardised varieties. Many Arabic words were brought and spread by merchants from Arab Peninsula like Arabian, Persian, and from the western part of India, Gujarat where many Muslims lived. A majority of Indonesian words that refer to people generally have a form that does not distinguish between the sexes. There are many cognates found in the languages' words for kinship, health, body parts and common animals. Dutch made the highest contribution to the language, especially in vocabulary due to the Dutch's colonisation for over three centuries, from the 16th century until the mid-20th century. Add links. ANIRAH f Indonesian, Malay (Rare), Filipino, Maranao Pie chart showing percentage of other languages contribute on loan words of Indonesian language. On the other hand, there is a complex system of verb affixes to render nuances of meaning and to denote voice or intentional and accidental moods. Many words that originally are adopted through the Dutch language today however often are mistaken as English due to the similarity in the Germanic nature of both languages. "); kin terms, including fictive kinship, are extremely common. Their usage peaked modestly in 2005 with 0.027% of baby girls being given Indonesian names. The common word for "s/he" and "they" is ia, which has the object and emphatic/focused form dia. If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to receive more just like it. Largest collection of indonesian girl names, indonesian girl names and meanings, indonesian baby girl names. OVA, commonly but inaccurately called "passive", is the basic and most common word order. Alpha Omega Translations is a translation, interpretation, and desktop publishing company founded on a strong passion to help people connect globally, regardless of what language they speak or country they live in. "On the distinction between 'stress-timed' and 'syllable-timed' languages". Alpha Omega Translations provides multilingual translation, interpretation, transcription, localization, editing, glossary development, desktop publishing and design, and writing for private and government entities. [20] Despite still being a second language to most Indonesians, it is unquestionably the language of the Indonesian nation as a whole, as it has had unrivalled success as a factor in nation-building and the strengthening of Indonesian identity. [28] This phenomenon is amplified by the use of Indonesian slang, particularly in the cities. MUHAMMAD m Arabic, Urdu, Punjabi, Pashto, Bengali, Tajik, Uzbek, Indonesian, Malay, Avar. a school diploma certificate), kitab (كتاب‎ kitāb = book), tertib (ترتيب‎ tartīb = order/arrangement) and kamus (قاموس‎ qāmūs = dictionary). ANINDYA m & f Bengali, Indonesian Means "immaculate, faultless, blameless", from Sanskrit अ (a) meaning "not" and निन्दा (ninda) meaning "blame, reproach". Examples of these are the prefixes di- (patient focus, traditionally called [45] Also, in Chapter III, Section 25 to 45, Government regulation No. (The) carriage which is red = the red carriage. In disyllabic stress with a closed penultimate syllable, such as tinggal ('stay') and rantai ('chain'), stress falls on the penult. Allah (Arabic: الله‎), as it is mostly the case for Arabic speakers, is the word for God even in Christian Bible translations. Personal pronouns are not a separate part of speech, but a subset of nouns. It was promoted by nationalists in the 1920s and achieved official status under the name Bahasa Indonesia in 1945. [5][6] However, most formal education and nearly all national mass media, governance, administration, and judiciary and other forms of communication are conducted in Indonesian. The secondary consonants /f/, /v/, /z/, /ʃ/ and /x/ only appear in loanwords. When the Dutch East India Company (VOC) first arrived in the archipelago, the Malay language was a significant trading and political language due to the influence of Malaccan Sultanate and later the Portuguese. Indonesian also receives many English words as a result of globalisation and modernisation, especially since the 1990s, as far as the Internet's emergence and development until the present day. In Indonesian, to change a singular into a plural one either repeats the word or adds para before it (the latter for living things only); for example, "students" can be either murid-murid or para murid. There are some words that have gender, for instance putri means "daughter", and putra means "son" and also pramugara means "male flight attendant" and pramugari meaning "female flight attendant". In verbs, the prefix me- is often dropped, although an initial nasal consonant is often retained, as when mengangkat becomes ngangkat (the basic word is angkat). Daku "I" and dikau "you" are poetic or romantic. The most common and widely used colloquial Indonesian is heavily influenced by the Betawi language, a Malay-based creole of Jakarta, amplified by its popularity in Indonesian popular culture in mass media and Jakarta's status as the national capital. Top 100 names from around the world + Penpal Statistics @ Students of the World. [20], The study of Indonesian etymology and loan words reveals both its historical and social contexts. [46] As mentioned previously, the language was based on Riau Malay,[10][48] though linguists note that this is not the local dialect of Riau, but the Malaccan dialect that was used in the Riau court. The name itself is from Batavia, the capital city of the Dutch East Indies (located in present-day Jakarta)... [more] BULAN Filipino, Tagalog, Cebuano, Indonesian Means "moon" in Tagalog, Cebuano, and Indonesian. The letters Q, V and X are rarely encountered, being chiefly used for writing loanwords. Over the first 53 years of Indonesian independence, the country's first two presidents, Sukarno and Suharto constantly nurtured the sense of national unity embodied by Indonesian, and the language remains an essential component of Indonesian identity. For example, Ani membeli satu kilo mangga (Ani buys one kilogram of mangoes). For example, orang-orang means "(all the) people", but orang-orangan means "scarecrow". From the way the name sounds to meanings, all are considered to determine a decent and graceful name for the beloved. Javanese is a major language in Indonesia which is predominantly used in the island of Java among the Javanese people. /z/ may occasionally be replaced with /s/ or /d͡ʒ/. This is commonly done to accomplish one of two things: For example, a polite shop assistant in a store may avoid the use of pronouns altogether and ask: For example, a friend may enquire as to when you bought your property, to which you may respond: Ultimately, the choice of voice and therefore word order is a choice between actor and patient and depends quite heavily on the language style and context. For example, the name Jesus was initially translated as 'Isa (Arabic: عيسى‎), but is now spelt as Yesus. At the kingdom of Srivijaya appeared and flourished, China opened diplomatic relations with the kingdom in order to secure trade and seafaring. Sa(ha)ya may also be used for "we", but in such cases it is usually used with sekalian or semua "all"; this form is ambiguous as to whether it corresponds with inclusive kami or exclusive kita. Appendix:Indonesian given names. As a result, Malay words are written with that orthography such as: passer for the word Pasar or djalan for the word jalan, older Indonesian generation tend to have their name written in such order as well. In 1945, Javanese was easily the most prominent language in Indonesia. This vast database of Indonesian names has been compiled from various references and suggestions provided by our web site users and resources partners. Aku, kamu, engkau, and ia have short possessive enclitic forms. The Minahasa clan refers to the name of the family or clan used behind the first … [51] These six vowels are shown in the table below. Indonesia hosts a variety of traditional verbal arts such as poetry, historical narratives, romances, and drama; which are expressed in local languages, but modern genres are expressed mainly through Indonesian. ISO 639 is a standardized nomenclature used to classify languages. Means "praised, commendable" in Arabic, derived from the root حَمِدَ ( hamida) meaning "to praise". Following the bankruptcy of the VOC, the Batavian Republic took control of the colony in 1799, and it was only then that education in and promotion of Dutch began in the colony. Through a language planning program that made Indonesian the language of politics, education, and nation-building in general, Indonesian became one of the few success stories of an indigenous language effectively overtaking that of a country's colonisers to become the de jure and de facto official language. Unlike the relatively uniform standard variety, Vernacular Indonesian exhibits a high degree of geographical variation, though Colloquial Jakartan Indonesian functions as the de facto norm of informal language and is a popular source of influence throughout the archipelago.[8]. However, it does differ from Malaysian Malay in several respects, with differences in pronunciation and vocabulary. Twenty years of discussions about homeland, migrations and classifications", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? This article is about the official language of Indonesia. For example, mencarikan becomes nyariin, menuruti becomes nurutin. It is generally the penultimate syllable that is stressed, unless its vowel is a schwa /ə/. Indonesian, while allowing for relatively flexible word orderings, does not mark for grammatical case, nor does it make use of grammatical gender. However, unlike English, distinction is made between older or younger. Consonants are represented in a way similar to Italian, although ⟨c⟩ is always /tʃ/ (like English ⟨ch⟩), ⟨g⟩ is always /ɡ/ ("hard") and ⟨j⟩ represents /dʒ/ as it does in English. By borrowing heavily from numerous other languages, it expresses a natural linguistic evolution; in fact, it is as natural as the next language, as demonstrated in its exceptional capacity for absorbing foreign vocabulary.[49]. For example: Mas ("older brother"), Mbak ("older sister"), Koko ("older brother") and Cici ("older sister"). Some Dutch loanwords, having clusters of several consonants, pose difficulties to speakers of Indonesian. Affixes are categorised into noun, verb, and adjective affixes. Indonesian is a 20th century name for Malay. Indonesian (in its normative form) has essentially the same material basis as the standard Malaysian register of Malay and is therefore considered to be a variety of the pluricentric Malay language. A derived form, perpustakaan means a library. Minahasa Surname. [4], Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in at least one of the more than 700 indigenous local languages; examples include Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese, which are commonly used at home and within the local community. From the perspective of a European language, Indonesian boasts a wide range of different pronouns, especially to refer to the addressee (the so-called second person pronouns). It is notable that some of the loanwords that exist in both Indonesian and Malaysian languages are different in spelling and pronunciation mainly due to how they derived their origins: Malaysian utilises words that reflect the English usage (as used by its former colonial power, the British), while Indonesian uses a Latinate form reflected in the Dutch usage (e.g. ", "The Indonesian Language (James N Sneddon) – book review", "The Dutch East Indies in photographs, 1860–1940 – Memory of the Netherlands", "Language interference: Indonesian and English", "Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) – About World Languages", "The Existence of Indonesian Language: Pidgin or Creole", "Languages: News and Analysis in your Language", "Building an Asia-literate Australia: an Australian strategy for Asian language proficiency", Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, "Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 2009 Tentang Bendera, Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara, serta Lagu Kebangsaan", "The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (as amended)", "Bahasa Indonesia, The complex story of a simple language", Minister of Education and Culture Decree No: 50/2015, "How words can be misleading: A study of syllable timing and 'stress' in Malay", "A Typology of Stress, And Where Malay/Indonesian Fits In", "Malay language, alphabets and pronunciation", "Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa – Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan", "Kata Serapan dan Kata Non-Serapan dalam Orang Asing dan Sang Pemberontak: Sebuah Kajian Semantis", "Conference Report: The Fourth International Conference on Teaching Indonesian to Speakers of Other Languages", "Bahasa in schools? [30] Indonesian, which originated from Malay, is a member of the Austronesian family of languages, which includes languages from Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean and Madagascar, with a smaller number in continental Asia. There is no difference between singular and plural. Indonesian words derived from Portuguese include meja (from mesa = table), bangku (from banco = bench), lemari/almari (from armário = closet), boneka (from boneca = doll), jendela (from janela = window), Gereja (from Igreja = Church), Misa (from Missa = Mass), Natal (from Natal = Christmas), Paskah (from Páscoa = Easter), pesta (from festa = party), dansa (from dança = dance), pesiar (from passear = cruise), bendera (from bandeira = flag), sepatu (from sapato = shoes), garpu (from garfo = fork), kemeja (from camisa = shirt), kereta (from carreta = chariot), pompa (from bomba hidráulica = pump), pigura (from figura = picture), roda (from roda = wheel), nona (from dona = young woman), sekolah (from escola = school), lentera (from lanterna = lantern), paderi (from padre = priest), Santo, Santa (from Santo, Santa = Saint), puisi (from poesia = poetry), keju (from queijo = cheese), mentega (from manteiga = butter), serdadu (from soldado = soldier), meski (from mas que = although), kamar (from câmara = room), laguna (from laguna = lagoon), lelang (from leilão = auction), persero (from parceiro = company), markisa (from maracujá = passion fruit), limau (from limão = lemon), kartu (from cartão = card), Inggris (from inglês = English), Sabtu (from sábado = Saturday), Minggu (from domingo = Sunday), etc. Some analyses list 19 "primary consonants" for Indonesian as the 18 symbols that are not in parentheses in the table as well as the glottal stop [ʔ]. 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